Strength statistics of single crystals and metallic glasses under small stressed volumes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;2. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;1. School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, 710072, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China;3. Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Bat. B. Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France;4. Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237, Dusseldorf, Germany;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;2. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;1. School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;2. Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China;3. Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bat. B. Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France;4. Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany;1. School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, 710072, China;2. Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;3. Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bat. B. Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France;4. Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China;6. Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China |
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| Abstract: | It has been well documented that plastic deformation of crystalline and amorphous metals/alloys shows a general trend of “smaller is stronger”. The majority of the experimental and modeling studies along this line have been focused on finding and reasoning the scaling slope or exponent in the logarithmic plot of strength versus size. In contrast to this view, here we show that the universal picture should be the thermally activated nucleation mechanisms in small stressed volume, the stochastic behavior as to find the weakest links in intermediate sizes of the stressed volume, and the convolution of these two mechanisms with respect to variables such as indenter radius in nanoindentation pop-in, crystallographic orientation, pre-strain level, sample length as in uniaxial tests, and others. Experiments that cover the entire spectrum of length scales and a unified model that treats both thermal activation and spatial stochasticity have discovered new perspectives in understanding and correlating the strength statistics in a vast of observations in nanoindentation, micro-pillar compression, and fiber/whisker tension tests of single crystals and metallic glasses. |
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| Keywords: | Strength statistics Intrinsic thermal-activation mechanism Extrinsic stochastic mechanism Universal relationship between strength and sample size |
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