Efficacy of five insecticides for the control of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae on concrete |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;2. Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., Nea Ionia, 38446, Magnissia, Greece;3. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece;1. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science & Technology, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA;3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;1. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece;2. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110, Ioannina, Greece;1. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, MA, 02542, USA;2. Kansas State University, Department of Entomology, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;3. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA |
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| Abstract: | Small and large larvae of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts were exposed for 1, 3, and 7 d on concrete that was treated with chlorfenapyr at 0.055 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/cm2 and 0.11 mg (a.i.)/cm2, deltamethrin at 0.0025 mg (a.i.)/cm2 and 0.005 mg (a.i.)/cm2, pirimiphos-methyl at 0.025 mg (a.i.)/cm2 and 0.05 mg (a.i.)/cm2, pyriproxyfen at 0.000115 mg (a.i.)/cm2 and 0.00023 mg (a.i.)/cm2, and spinosad at 0.05 mg (a.i.)/cm2 and 0.1 mg (a.i.)/cm2. Then, the survived individuals were transferred on untreated concrete for 7 more days and the delayed mortality of small or large larvae was evaluated. Concerning the immediate mortality of small larvae, chlorfenapyr was the most effective among the insecticides tested causing 70% immediate mortality after 7 d of exposure at the higher dose. The other insecticides provided similar mortality levels with the exception of pyriproxyfen which was not effective, for any of the combinations tested, as mortality did not exceed 4.4%. Delayed mortality for chlorfenapyr was also high reaching 76% at 7 d of exposure at the higher dose. Pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin gave similar results, indicating that for these two insecticides there is also a noticeable delayed effect. For pyriproxifen and spinosad, the delayed mortality was low. Large larvae were by far more tolerant than small ones in all dose-insecticide-exposure combinations examined for both immediate and delayed mortality counts. The results of the present study show that none of the insecticides were able to totally control T. granarium larvae, illustrating the difficulties in controlling this species, with dose rates that are usually effective for other major stored product beetle species. |
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| Keywords: | Surface treatment Chlorfenapyr Deltamethrin Pirimiphos-methyl Pyriproxyfen Spinosad |
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