Recent advances in electrospun carbon nanofibers and their application in electrochemical energy storage |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;2. FRE 3677 “Chimie du Solide et Energie”, College de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;3. Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China;1. Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China;2. Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin 300071, PR China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China;3. Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;2. Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia;3. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage devices because of their excellent conductivities, extremely large surface areas and structural stability. In energy storage devices like rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, CNFs play multi-functional roles as active electrode materials, conductive additives and substrates for supporting active metal (oxides). Electrospinning offers a low cost and scalable technique to fabricate CNFs and their hybrids with tunable nanostructures. This paper summarizes various design strategies for producing random, aligned and core/shell structured fibers, and elucidates the influences of polymer precursors, processing parameters, conductive additives and catalysts on functional, morphological and structural characteristics of CNFs. The current start-of-the-art developments for applications in Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, Na-ion batteries, Li–O2 batteries and Li–S batteries are reviewed. Key issues that affect the electrochemical performance of the electrodes, such as the chemical and atomic structures, electrical conductivities, surface areas and pore size distribution of CNFs, and the particle size, shape and dispersion of metal (oxides) encapsulated in CNFs, are discussed and their solutions suggested. Future prospects on further optimization of the structure and performance, and challenges encountered in large-scale applications of electrospun CNFs are proposed. |
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| Keywords: | Electrospinning Carbon nanofiber Battery Energy storage |
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