Nanoporous polymeric materials: A new class of materials with enhanced properties |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;2. Nanophysics – Smart Materials Group, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;1. Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;2. Nanophysics – Smart Materials Group, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;1. Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China;2. Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada;3. Center of Precision Engineering, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China;4. Key Laboratory of Chinese Education Ministry for Tropical Biological Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China;5. Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;1. Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain;2. Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Nanoporous polymeric materials are porous materials with pore sizes in the nanometer range (i.e., below 200 nm), processed as bulk or film materials, and from a wide set of polymers. Over the last several years, research and development on these novel materials have progressed significantly, because it is believed that the reduction of the pore size to the nanometer range could strongly influence some of the properties of porous polymers, providing unexpected and improved properties compared to conventional porous and microporous polymers and non-porous solids.In this review, the key properties of these nanoporous polymeric materials (mechanical, thermal, dielectric, optical, filtration, sensing, etc.) are analyzed. The experimental and theoretical results obtained up to date related to the structure–property relations are presented. In several sections, in order to present a more compressive approach, the trends obtained for nanoporous polymers are compared to those for metallic and ceramic nanoporous systems. Moreover, some specific characteristics of these materials, such as the consequences of the confinement of both gas and solid phases, are described. Likewise, the main production methods are briefly described. Finally, some of the potential applications of these materials are also discussed in this paper. |
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| Keywords: | Nanoporous polymeric materials Properties Nanocellular foams Cellular polymers Mechanical properties Thermal properties Dielectric properties Optical properties |
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