Hardness-stress-strain correlation in aluminium—A simpler alternative to visioplasticity in metal forming

Local stress and strain variations in the deformation zone can be ascertained by measuring hardness. Hardness is correlated with strain and stress. The expressions discussed later are useful in determining the local variations in stress and strain from hardness measurement. It is a simple method compared to visioplasticity. One can estimate the forces required for a forming process. It helps in the choice of equipment, design of tooling and selection of lubricant for the particular process.