考虑城市不同功能区的电动汽车负荷时空分布建模方法

研究电动汽车充电负荷特性是推进电动汽车接入电网的基础,电动汽车充电负荷在时间和空间上具有随机性。文章充分考虑城市不同功能区的特性,提出了一种基于改进重力模型的电动汽车负荷时空分布建模方法。首先,确定电动汽车的类别与出行特性,并进行城市功能区划分;其次,依据改进的重力模型获取城市各时段各区域的出行矩阵,得到电动汽车入网的时空分布;最后,抽取电动汽车的出行里程,结合电动汽车充电方式与充放电的荷电状态模型,建立电动汽车负荷的时空分布模型。算例分析表明,不同类别功能区之间的负荷分布与各区域吸引力相关且存在较大差异,同一类别功能区中位于城市中心地区的负荷较高。算例通过设置不同场景,分析不同因素对充电负荷分布的影响,验证了所提模型的准确性。

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Model of Electric Vehicle Load Considering Different Urban Functional Areas

Study of the charging load characteristics of electric vehicles (EVs) is the basis for promoting the integration of EVs into the power grid. The charging load of electric vehicles has both temporal and spatial randomness. In this paper, a temporal and spatial distribution model of EVs, which considers the characteristics of different urban functional areas, is proposed on the basis of the improved gravity model. Firstly, the travel characteristics and the categories of EVs are determined, and urban areas are reasonably divided according to the categories of functional areas. Secondly, the travel matrices of urban areas at different time period, as well as the spatial distribution of EVs, are achieved according to the improved gravity model. Finally, combining with the charging modes and the state-of-charge (SOC) model of EVs, the temporal and spatial distribution model is established. Case studies show that there exists a huge discrepancy in the load distributions among different types of functional areas due to the attractiveness of each area. For the same type of functional area, areas closer to the city center generally pick up more load than their outlying counterparts. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by analyzing the influence of different factors on the charging load distribution in various preset scenarios.