Cognitive Principles for Information Management: The Principles of Mnemonic Associative Knowledge (P-MAK) |
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Authors: | Michael Huggett Holger Hoos Ron Rensink |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, 2366 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 |
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Abstract: | Information management systems improve the retention of information in large collections. As such they act as memory prostheses,
implying an ideal basis in human memory models. Since humans process information by association, and situate it in the context
of space and time, systems should maximize their effectiveness by mimicking these functions. Since human attentional capacity
is limited, systems should scaffold cognitive efforts in a comprehensible manner. We propose the Principles of Mnemonic Associative
Knowledge (P-MAK), which describes a framework for semantically identifying, organizing, and retrieving information, and for
encoding episodic events by time and stimuli. Inspired by prominent human memory models, we propose associative networks as
a preferred representation. Networks are ideal for their parsimony, flexibility, and ease of inspection. Networks also possess
topological properties—such as clusters, hubs, and the small world—that aid analysis and navigation in an information space.
Our cognitive perspective addresses fundamental problems faced by information management systems, in particular the retrieval
of related items and the representation of context. We present evidence from neuroscience and memory research in support of
this approach, and discuss the implications of systems design within the constraints of P-MAK’s principles, using text documents
as an illustrative semantic domain.
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Keywords: | Information management Memory prosthesis Associationism Semantic similarity Co-occurrence Spatio-temporal context Episodic events Associative networks Spreading activation |
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