神东矿区房采采空区下综采工作面动载矿压防治技术

神东矿区早期由于设备、回采工艺及历史原因等采用了房柱式开采。该工艺回采率低,遗留了大量煤柱,造成下层煤开采时矿压显现剧烈并存在有毒有害气体,严重影响采掘安全。鉴于此,阐述了房柱式采空区下综采工作面动载矿压的形成机理,可概括为3个阶段:1上覆房采煤柱受二次采动影响发生崩解破坏,顶板出现裂隙和弯曲下沉;2下分层综采工作面的破坏裂隙扩展至整个岩层;3上覆残留煤柱的回旋断裂与下分层综采工作面周期来压叠加,形成动载矿压。总结了安全掘进和回采的技术方案,主要包括3方面:1设计初期,合理布置采掘工作面位置;2回采时采用微震监测、矿压监测、地表裂隙与沉降观测的技术措施;3采用的工程措施主要有残留煤柱爆破、地表预裂技术及采空区充填。

The Control Technology of Dynamic Mine Strate Pressure of Full-Mechanized Mining Face Under Gob Left by Room and Pillar Mining in Shendong Mining Area

Due to equipment, mining process and historical reasons, the room and pillar mining had been more widely adopted in Shendong mining area. The process of extraction rate is low, left a large amount of coal pillar. Violent pressure, toxic and harmful gases occurred under gob left by room and pillar mining, which seriously affected the mining safety. Given this, the mechanism of formation is expounded and can be summarized into three stages: the room pillar happened disintegrating failure influenced by second mining coal, roof cracks and bending down, damage fracture of lower slice full-mechanized mining face extended to the whole rock formations. The cyclotron fracture of overlying pillar residue and periodic roof pressure of lower slice full-mechanized mining face are superimposed, forming a dynamic load pressure. Three points are mainly talked about the technical solution of safe driving and extraction: reasonable decorate working face location, using microseismic monitoring technology, mine pressure monitoring, surface crack and subsidence observation, the engineering measures are mainly residual pillar surface pre-splitting blasting technology and goaf filling.