纺织品微塑料危害控制技术发展研究

我国废弃化纤纺织品具有储量大、再生率低等特点,当前总储量超过2亿t,年增长量近千万吨。化纤纺织品未被收集就丢弃在环境中,在自然环境下破碎,转化为细小的塑料碎片,甚至微塑料。微塑料对环境的影响难以估计,而废弃化纤纺织品可以说是“海洋微塑料污染”的首要来源。从化纤纺织品出发,减少化纤纺织品在生产、使用、清洗以及后处理等环节中微塑料的生成量,以可再生能源为原料,大力开发生物基化学纤维和生物可降解纤维,尽可能实现多次再生循环。在未来发展中,可采取构建完整循环再生利用体系、推进纤维加工技术升级创新、深入研究纺织品污染机理等方法,为防治纺织品微塑料危害提供一定的基础。

Development of Hazard Control Technology for Microplastics from Textiles

China's waste chemical fiber textiles have the characteristics of large reserves and low regeneration rate,with a total reserves of more than 200 million tons and an annual growth rate of nearly 10 million tons.Textiles made of chemical fiber are discarded in the environment without being collected,where they break up in the natural environment and turn into tiny pieces of plastic or even microplastics.The impact of microplastics on the environment is difficult to be estimated,and the waste of the textiles can be said to be the primary source of"Marine microplastics pollution".From the perspective of textile industry,the production of microplastics in the production,use,cleaning and post-treatment of chemical fiber textiles should be reduced,and bio-based chemical fiber and biodegradable fiber should be vigorously developed with renewable energy as raw materials and reused as they can be.In the future development,a complete recycling system can be built,combined with fiber processing technology upgrading and innovation and in-depth study of textile pollution mechanism and other methods,to prevent and control microplastic pollution.