Comparison of the Phytotoxic Effects of Usnic Acid on Cultures of Free-Living Alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scenedesmus quadricauda</Emphasis> and Aposymbiotically Grown Lichen Photobiont <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trebouxia erici</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Martin Bačkor Katarína Klemová Miriam Bačkorová Veneta Ivanova |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science,?afárik University,Ko?ice,Slovak Republic;2.Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science,?afárik University,Ko?ice,Slovak Republic;3.The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology,Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Sofia,Bulgaria |
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Abstract: | The phytotoxic effects of the lichen secondary metabolite—usnic acid on cultures of free living alga—Scenedesmus quadricauda (UTEX 76) and aposymbiotically grown lichen photobiont Trebouxia erici (UTEX 911) were assessed. We found a relatively strong inhibition effect of usnic acid on the growth of alga Scenedesmus, accompanied by an increase of cell size, an alteration of assimilation pigment composition, followed by strong degradation
of chlorophyll a, a decrease of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and an increase of reactive oxygen species in the cells. The content of soluble proteins remained a stable
parameter. Phytotoxicity of usnic acid on cultures of Trebouxia photobiont was significantly lower. Usnic acid in lichens may act as an allochemical that controls the division of photobiont
cells, thereby regulating the balance between the photobiont and mycobiont forming thallus. Higher tolerance to usnic acid
in Trebouxia cultures may be an adaptation resulting from the long term co-evolution of these algae with fungi that produce secondary
metabolites. |
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