新疆湿地资源时空变化特征及其保护

基于GIS平台,以新疆维吾尔自治区国土资源厅统计出的湿地资源数据为基础,结合统计分析,对新疆1996~2005年湿地资源数量、类型及其变化进行了分析。分析得出,在10年尺度上湿地资源总的动态特征是:河流湿地、湖泊湿地、滩涂湿地、永久积雪及冰川湿地和库塘湿地面积增加,增加面积共46 417 hm2,沼泽湿地、稻田湿地和芦苇湿地面积减少,减少面积共12 966 hm2。最后引入湿地资源类型相对变化率反映出新疆各地州市湿地资源变化存在明显的区域差异,克拉玛依市、哈密地区和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州湿地资源类型的变化幅度均大于全疆相应的湿地资源类型变化幅度。政策变动、水利工程建设和人口增长是新疆湿地资源变化的主要原因。

Spatial-temporal variation and protection of wetland resources in Xinjiang

The number,types and changes of wetland resources in Xinjiang from 1996 to 2005 were analyzed based on the statistical data from the Land Resources Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.It shows that the total dynamic feature in the ten-year scale of wetland resources is as follows: the total area of the river wetland,lake wetland,beach wetland,lasting snowy and glacier wetland,and reservoir & pond wetland increased 46?417?hm2,while that of the marsh wetland,paddy wetland and reed wetland reduced 12?966?hm2.Finally,it is found out from the relative changing rate of wetland types that the changes of wetland resources in Xinjiang have distinct regional disparity,and that the changes of the wetland types in Karamay City,Hami,Bayingolin Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture exceed the average level of Xinjiang.Policy changes,water projects and population growth are the main reasons for the changes of wetland resources in Xinjiang.