How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
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Authors: | Kajetan Kieł bowski,Mariola Herian,Andrzej Pawlik |
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Affiliation: | Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (M.H.) |
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Abstract: | Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)—a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm. |
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Keywords: | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 antioxidants oxidative stress cytokine storm |
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