冶炼炉腔内三相交流电弧热导机理研究

基于超高温冶金过程电弧炉产热导热计算,采用傅立叶热传导定律和牛顿冷却定律,对电弧产生热量沿固体轴向热导和流体横向热导机理进行研究。首先,描述电弧各部分的产热量;其次,计算电弧近极段经石墨电极和弧柱段的产热量及流向,提出电弧沿轴向和横向的热导计算方法;最后,以铍铜合金冶炼过程电弧炉温度分布和热量分析,验证电弧热导机理的有效性。研究结果表明,冶炼过程炉腔内热量的流动方式服从轴向热导和横向热导两个关键过程,完善了电弧炉热导机理理论研究。在此基础上对冶炼过程热量计算和利用进行相关分析,分析结果表明,1）炉腔内电弧近极段温度可由炉口火焰温度检测计算得到;2）降低轴向热导的热量耗散、提高横向热量占比是优化电弧炉有效能源利用率的关键方式之一。本文以期达到从热导机理角度优化冶金工艺的目标。

Research on the mechanism of smelting three-phase AC arc heat conduction

Based on the heat production and thermal conduction calculation of the electric arc furnace in the ultra-high temperature metallurgical process, Fourier''s heat conduction law is used to investigate the mechanism of heat generation along the solid axial thermal conduction and fluid transverse thermal conduction of the electric arc. Firstly, the heat production of each part of the arc is described; secondly, the thermal conductivity of the near-pole section of the arc through the graphite electrode and the heat conduction of the three parts in the arc column section are calculated; finally, the temperature distribution and heat analysis of the electric arc furnace in the smelting process of beryllium-copper alloy are used to verify the validity of the arc thermal conductivity mechanism. The results show that the flow of heat in the furnace cavity during the smelting process obeys the two key processes of axial thermal conductivity and transverse thermal conductivity, which improves the theoretical study of the electric arc furnace thermal conductivity mechanism. On this basis, the heat calculation and utilization of the smelting process are analyzed, and the analysis results show that 1) the temperature of the near-pole section of the electric arc in the furnace chamber can be calculated by the flame temperature detection at the furnace mouth; 2) reducing the heat dissipation of axial heat conduction and increasing the proportion of transverse heat is one of the key ways to optimize the effective energy utilization of the electric arc furnace. This paper aims to achieve the goal of optimizing the metallurgical process from the perspective of thermal conductivity mechanism.