聚丙烯腈/聚砜酰胺复合纳米纱线的制备与表征

针对聚丙烯腈(PAN)耐热性能较差,聚砜酰胺(PSA)阻燃但染色性能较差等问题,在保持纺丝液质量分数、纺丝接收距离等条件不变的前提下,利用自制旋转式动态静电纺纱机,分别采用不同纺丝电压和不同接收器转速制备一系列聚丙烯腈/聚砜酰胺复合纳米纱线。借助扫描电子显微镜、单纱强力机、毛细管效应测定仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪对复合纳米纱线的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:纺丝电压和接收器转速对纳米纱线的形态影响比较明显,并进一步影响纱线的力学性能;当纺丝电压为25 kV、接收器转速为40 r/min时,纱线具有较好的外观形貌、力学性能和热性能;当接收器转速为60 r/min,纺丝电压为30 kV时,纳米纱线的芯吸性能最好。

Preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile/polysulfonamide composite nanoyarns

Aiming at the poor heat resistance of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), excellent heat resistance and poor dyeing property of polysulfone amide (PSA), a series of nanoyarns were prepared at different spinning voltages and collector rotating speeds by using a self-made dynamic electrospinning machine, with the concentration of spinning solution and the receiving distance kept constant. The structure and properties of the composite nanoyarns were studied by using scanning electron microscope, single yarn strength tester, capillary effect tester, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analyzer. The experimental results show that the morphology of nanoyarns are significantly affected by spinning voltages and the collector rotating speeds. In addition, the mechanical properties of nanoyarns are also affected. It is found that the nanoyarns could achieve a better performance in morphology, strength and heat resistance at spinning voltage of 25 kV and collector rotating speed of 40 r/min. The nanoyarns show a better wicking performance at collector rotating speed of 60 r/min and spinning voltage of 30 kV.