Impedance spectroscopy of n-doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 ceramics prepared by modified low temperature aqueous synthesis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Genoa, P.le J.F. Kennedy Pad. D, I-16129 Genoa, Italy;2. Institute of Physical-Chemistry of Materials-MITER CNR, Via De Marini 6, I-16149 Genoa, Italy;3. Department of Electric Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all’Opera Pia 11A, I-16145 Genoa, Italy;1. Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 449-791, South Korea;2. Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;3. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA;1. IFIMUP, Physics & Astronomy Dep., Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal;2. CICECO-AIM and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal;3. CQVR and Physics Department, ECT, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal;4. CQVR and Chemistry Department, ECVA, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal;1. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;2. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;3. Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, Kuching, Sarawak 93350, Malaysia;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;1. Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Łódź, ulica Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;2. Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šáfárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, Slovak Republic |
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| Abstract: | Low temperature aqueous synthesis (LTAS) has been applied to the preparation of La or Nb-doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 powders. Doping elements have been mixed to precursors, in order to directly obtain crystalline powders with modified composition. Similar powders, doped by conventional wet ball-milling process, have been also prepared for comparison. Ceramic samples have been obtained by isothermal sintering in air at different temperatures. Microstructural characterisation showed the presence of a secondary phase, identified as a Ti-rich barium titanate compound. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been used to study the PTCR behaviour of such materials. IS results are analysed, taking into account effect of the secondary phase, to discuss bulk and grain boundary characteristics. |
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