零重力模拟气动悬挂系统的开发及关键技术

为了模拟低频空间结构动力学测试时的零重力环境,研制出一种高精度的气动悬挂系统,解决了系统设计中的气动关键技术问题.从系统设计角度分析了试验装置的工作原理和系统参数对垂直悬挂频率的影响,以指导系统的低频设计.基于空气静压润滑的原理,设计了内部供压节流孔支撑的无摩擦气缸以消除系统的摩擦力,建立了活塞和缸筒间隙内气体泄漏流动和径向承载能力的数学模型,并分析了结构参数对其性能的影响,指出影响气缸性能的关键因素是活塞间隙和节流孔尺寸.利用比例阀构建了压力控制系统以实现高精度的重力补偿.试验结果表明,该气动悬挂系统可以满足低频、高精度和无摩擦的设计要求,验证了方案的可行性和有效性.

Development and key technologies of pneumatic suspension system for zero-gravity simulation

A high precision pneumatic suspension system was developed and its key technique problems were solved to simulate the zero-gravity environment for  dynamic testing of low frequency space structures. The operating principle of the test device and the influences of system parameters on the vertical suspension frequency were analyzed to guide the low-frequency design from the perspective of system design. Based on the theory of aerostatic lubrication, a type of air-suspending frictionless cylinder supported by orifice restrictors  was designed to eliminate the friction using inner gas pressure.  The models of gas leakage and radial load capacity in the clearance were built and the influences of structural parameters on the cylinder performance were discussed. The important factors affecting the cylinder performance were indicated to be the dimensions of the piston clearance and the orifice restrictors. Finally, a pressure control system using a proportional valve was established to implement the high precision gravity compensation. Experimental results showed that the suspension system can meet the demand of low suspension frequency, high precision and no friction, which verify the feasibility and validity of the design．