灰霉病的化学防治进展

灰霉(Botrytiscinerea)是一种世界性的病菌,能造成葡萄、蔬菜和浆果严重的经济损失。近几年开发成功的防治灰霉病的主要药剂有嘧啶胺类(anilinopyrimidines)杀菌剂如:嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim);吡咯类(anilinopyyols)杀菌剂咯菌腈(fludioxonil)和酰胺类(hydroxyanilides)杀菌剂环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)。嘧啶胺类最初抑制靶标位点是胱硫醚β裂解酶,以及抑制病原菌胞外蛋白酶(包括水解酶)的分泌;吡咯类咯菌腈作用于渗透调节的信号传递途径;而环酰菌胺的作用靶位尚不完全清楚,但研究表明其作用机理不同于其他类杀菌剂,因此,环酰菌胺将有可能成为治理杀菌剂抗性的有效药剂之一。

Chemical Control of Botrytis cinerea

Infections caused by Botrytis cinerea are of economic importance in grapes, vegetables and strawberries of world-wide. Introduced fungicides for control grey mould are the anilinopyrimidines such as pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and mepanipyrim, the anilinopyyols such as fludioxonil and the hydroxyanilides such as fenhexamid. Biochemical studies showed that the anilinopyrimidines prohibit the biosynthesis of methionin by blocking cystathionine--lyase. The target site of fludioxonil lies in the osmoregulatory signal transmission pathway. The mechanism of action of fenhexamid is different from the other known botryticides, though the exact biochemical target is not characterized yet. So fenhexamid is an available tool for resistance management.