凝血酶电化学适体传感器

凝血酶是一种由凝血酶前体形成的丝氨酸蛋白质水解酶，具有催化纤维蛋白元变成纤维蛋白，促进血液凝固和调控凝血等作用，在揭示肿瘤的发生机制及作为早期诊断、疗效及愈后判断依据等方面有着非常重大的意义。由于血液中凝血酶的浓度达nmol／L，建立简单、快速、高灵敏度检测凝血酶的方法具有非常重要的意义。将SELEX技术筛选出的适体作为识别元件与电化学生物传感器相结合构建电化学适体传感器，集成了适体和电化学传感器两方面的优势，既具有电化学传感器的高灵敏度、快响应、简单操作、低成本，又具有适体的高选择性和特异性，在凝血酶检测方面具有广阔的应用前景。该文主要介绍了适体的体外筛选方法、适体的特点、适体与凝血酶的结合作用；总结了电化学适体传感器的不同分类，捕获探针适体的固定化方法及目前所采用的电化学分析技术；重点评述了电化学响应信号放大技术在电化学适体传感器中的应用。

Studies on electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin dectrion

Thrombin, a kind of serine protease that involved in thrombosis and hemostasis, plays an important role in revealing tumorigenesis mechanism and judgment of early diagnosis, curative effect and prognosis. Since the concentration of thrombin in blood reaches to nmol/L, create a simple, rapid and high-sensitivity method for detection of thrombin is extremely important. Electrochemical aptasensor, the combination of SELEX-screened aptamers and electrochemical sensors, integrates the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, simple operation and low cost of electrochemical sensors as well as high selectivity and specificity of aptamer, which thus provids very broad application prospects in the field of thrombin detection. Here, after general introduction of aptamer including its in vitro selection, characteristic and interaction with thrombin, the principles, classification, immobilization method and associated electrochemical analysis techniques of the electrochemical aptasensor were described in detail. Moreover, the application of signal amplificatory strategy for electrochemical aptasenor was highlighted.