长江三角洲水资源水环境承载力、发展变化规律与永续利用之对策研究

通过大量数据阐述由于区域的自然环境承载力与社会经济发展存在着严重的不平衡,水资源短缺和水环境恶化已成为目前长江三角洲水资源水环境的主要问题。全区人均当地水资源量仅为全国平均水平的1/3,区域水质大多为IV类水;近海水质恶化、赤潮频发、地面下沉、洪涝灾害严重。提出长江三角洲地区水资源水环境问题的解决必须包含几个关键问题:①阐明三角洲区长江干流的水文与河道特性,变化状况、原因与活动规律;②对长江三角洲水循环与水环境的承载力、特点与发展变化的趋势性做出量值分析;③现有水环境的治理与污染防治,清洁水源的有效获取、有效利用与有偿使用,以及清洁排放水流的措施与管理系统;④三角洲流域的整体规划,有计划地、分阶段、有效地防治洪水、内涝与潮侵灾害;⑤全区的生态环境建设与发展规划;⑥实施区域水环境、水资源的一体化管理;⑦公众的教育。

Bearing capacity and regularity of development of water resources and water environment of Yangtze River Delta and measures for sustainable development

With superior climatic conditions, the Yangtze River Delta is an economically developed area in China. According to the data for 2001, the land area, population, and GDP of this area account for 1%, 6 05%, and 17 1% respectively of the figures of the whole China, so this region occupies an important position in China. However, the severe unbalance between the bearing capacity of natural environment and social economic development of this region results in the deterioration of water environment and water pollution-induced water shortage, which become the main problems for the Yangtze River Delta at present. The local per capita volume of water resources is only one-third of the mean value of China, and the water quality there mostly belongs to Grade-IV. Moreover, the deterioration of coastal water quality, frequent occurrence of red tides, settlement of ground surface, and severe flood and water-logging bring high pressure of resources and environment to the Yangtze River Delta. To solve the water problems of this region, some key proposals are made: 1. The hydrological and channel characteristics of the mainstream of the Yangtze River Delta and the causes and regularities of their variation be clarified. 2.Quantitative analysis be made of the water cycle and the bearing capacity of water environment of this region and their characteristics and regularities of variation. 3.measures be taken and management systems be developed for water environment remediation, pollution prevention, effective utilization of clean water and payment for the utilization, and discharge of treated wastewater. 4.Integrated planning be formulated for the Yangtze River Delta, and effective control of flood, waterlogging, and tidal disasters be exercised according to plans. 5. Planning be made for the ecological environment construction for the whole region. 6.Integrated water environment and water resources management be adopted. 7. Mass education be implemented.