近代日本にぉける养蚕农家経営の发达——生糸输出の基盘

日本生丝出口自1859年开港以后开始增长。较之欧州生丝质优价廉的日本生丝迅速发展,到1909年跃居世界生丝出口第一位。生丝质量的改进是由于技术的进步,缫丝工艺的逐渐机械化以及产品出口诸因素,而提供低价蚕茧供应的蚕农经营支撑着低成本的生丝生产。日本出口导向的生丝生产由于与美国这一主要生丝进口国的战争而遭到全面打击。虽然战后工业有了新的发展,但生丝出口并未增加,而且面临其它生丝出口国的挑战。近来,日本蚕业明显衰落,那些支撑生丝生产的蚕农数目也减少了。

The Development of Sericultural Farm Household Management in Modern Japan

Silk export from Japan began to increase with the opening of ports in 1858.The quality and lower prices than that of Europe boosted the exports and by 1909 Japan stood first in silk export.The improvement in silk qua- lity was realized by technical improvement,gradual mechanization of filat- ure process and productic production for export,and the sericultural farm household manage managements suppling cocoons at low prices supported inexpensive silk production,The export oriented silk production in Japan faced a complete set back because of its war with the USA,the main silk importing country.Though the industry developed again after the war, export did not increase,while facing competition from other silk exporting countries.Lately,sericulture in Japan remarkably went back.The number of sericultural farm households that supported filature,decreased as well.