后疫情时代城市社区居住满意度评价体系的重构

城市社区居住满意度是评价与提升社区居住环境的重要标准之一。针对后疫情时代居住满意度评价体系与社区环境之间适配性不足的问题，研究梳理了后疫情时代相关文献研究与空间规划实践，从中提取新的影响因素作为“疫情补丁”，在整合原有居住满意度评价体系的基础上，重构具有“精度”与“尺度”的后疫情时代居住满意度评价体系。研究结果表明，后疫情时代的居住满意度评价体系可以从“社区—组团—单元—家宅”四个空间层级进行重构和落实，并提出空间维度支撑、社会要素调节与整体动态更新的优化策略。本研究结果为人民满意的城市社区的空间韧性提升和规划建设提供理论支撑与实践经验。

Reconfiguration of evaluation system for residential satisfaction in the post-COVID-19 era

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic at the beginning of 2020has seriously affected people’s daily life and health, which also triggered off a deeper research andthinking concerning our urban living space, especially the built environment of communities.China’s successful experience in combating the pandemic has shown that a series of measures takenwith the community as the basic unit of prevention and control are effective, but it has also exposedthe deficiencies in resource allocation, spatial planning and governance of urban community space.In addition, for individual residents, the highly spatial community lockdown measures have manyproblems such as unmet demand for living services, insufficient outdoor and social activities, damageto physical and mental health, and a general decline in satisfaction, which has led to a new demandfor pandemic prevention and daily health. Although the World Health Organization announcedin May 2023 that COVID-19 no longer constitutes a “public health emergency of internationalconcern”, the years of coexistence with the virus have quietly changed people’s needs and awarenessof their living environment and health. Therefore, in the post-COVID-19 era where danger andopportunity coexist and the fight against the epidemic is normalized, how to achieve a healthy,comfortable and resilient living environment through spatial planning has become an importanttopic of concern in academia. As a subjective feeling of the gap between residents’ expectationsand perceptions, residential satisfaction is an effective indicator for evaluating the quality of theliving environment and measuring urban planning and construction. However, the traditionalresidential satisfaction evaluation system is not fully adapted to the current urban communities, andit is difficult to effectively assess and guide the improvement of the environmental quality of urbancommunities. The reasons for this can be summarized as three: firstly, the spatiality of the evaluationdimensions is insufficient, and the analysis results cannot be directly converted into specific spatialoptimization strategies; secondly, the adaptability of the evaluation subject is insufficient, and thechange of the evaluation subject’s demand will affect the evaluation of satisfaction; thirdly, the lackof timeliness of the evaluation indexes, and the blind copying of the previous evaluation system maynot be consistent with the actual problem, and it is difficult to reflect the environmental renewal anddevelopment itself. Aiming at the new requirements of community living environment and the lackof adaptability between the satisfaction evaluation system and the community environment, thegoal of this study is to realize the effective updating of satisfaction in the post-COVID-19 era, andintend to outline the new framework of the residential satisfaction evaluation system. The study hassorted out the related literature and spatial planning practices, extracted new influencing factors as“epidemic patches” to revise the residential satisfaction evaluation system. Based on the originalevaluation system of residential satisfaction, the problem demand and spatial hierarchy are integratedinto the original evaluation system, so as to reconfigure the evaluation system of residentialsatisfaction in the post-COVID-19 era with “accuracy” and “scale”. The results of the study indicatethat the residential satisfaction evaluation system in the post-COVID-19 era can be reconstructedand implemented at four spatial levels, namely community, cluster, unit and interior space.Specifically, communities should improve the configuration of public service facilities and enhancethe effectiveness of community autonomy. Composite shared spaces are necessary in residentialclusters, promoting neighborhood relationships. The transportation core in the unit building used tobe the overlooked spaces, it should optimize the ventilation system and increase resource supply capacity. The interior space of house emphasizes a complexand flexible layout design, as well as the clever use of specific spaces. Based on the reconfiguration of residential satisfaction evaluation system, the studyconcluded optimization strategies of spatial dimension support, social factor adjustment, and overall dynamic update. Through the supportive reconstructionof the spatial scales of residential satisfaction, the evaluation dimensions are improved, so as to efficiently raise the satisfaction. Emphasizing the regulationof social factors in residential satisfaction responds to the needs of residents’ social life in the post epidemic era, and helps to form the sense of communityand a better governance pattern. The correlation between residents and the living environment promotes the dynamic updating of the residential satisfactionsystem, which leads to a more accurate environmental improvement program. The research suggests that the application of multi-scale residential satisfactionevaluation indicators and the implementation of community resilience optimization strategies are keys to effectively improving spatial resilience of urbancommunities in the post-COVID-19 era. The results of this study can serve as a guide for improving the spatial resilience and planning construction of urbancommunities and “people’s cities”.