非天然碱基基因密码扩展 DNA 数据存储的机遇与挑战

目前，传统的存储技术主要将硅基材料作为存储介质，但全球现有的硅资源却无法满足日益增长的数据存储需求。随着数据时代的发展，存储技术创新面临新的挑战。在自然界，DNA 分子储存着丰富的遗传信息。从化学生物学的角度分析，将 DNA 分子作为介质进行数据信息存储有望为存储技术的创新提供一个新机遇，而非天然碱基核苷酸可以扩充遗传字母表，增加 DNA 存储容量，但在其实际应用方面，目前还有很多问题待解决。该文综述了 DNA 存储技术的研究进展，对当前 DNA 存储现状、待解决的技术难题与发展前景等进行了分析；并在此基础上，介绍了非天然碱基对(UBPs)作为合成生物学的一个新方向在 DNA 信息存储领域的潜在优势和技术挑战。

The Opportunities and Challenges of Expanding DNA Data Storage with Non-natural Base Gene Code

At present, traditional storage technologies mainly use silicon-based materials as storage media, but the existing silicon resources in the world cannot meet the growing data storage needs of data. With the development of the data era, innovation in storage technology has faced challenges. DNA molecules store rich genetic information, and from the perspective of chemical biology, DNA molecules can be used as a medium for data information storage. This provides a new opportunity for storage technology. Unnatural base nucleotides can expand the genetic alphabet and increase the storage capacity, but there are still many issues to be resolved in their practical applications. This article reviews the progress of DNA storage technology, analysing the current state of DNA storage, unresolved technical challenges, and development prospects. Furthermore, it introduces unnatural base pairs (UBPs) as a new direction in synthetic biology, highlighting their potential advantages and technical challenges in the field of DNA information storage.