超高速滑动电接触CuCrZr合金轨道表面磨损机制及电接触性能

电磁轨道发射具有典型超高速滑动电接触特性（出口速度大于等于2 000 m/s），电磁轨道表面会发生磨损。为研究轨道表面磨损状态与接触电阻之间关系，通过开展电磁轨道发射试验，研究发射后的CuCrZr轨道表面沉积层的形成与磨损机制，揭示枢轨间静态接触电阻的演变规律，总结沉积层的形成与接触电阻的关联关系。结果表明：沿着发射方向，轨道表面沉积层覆盖面积逐渐增大，沉积层的形成机制由摩擦材料转移变为电枢表面熔化飞溅，表面磨损特征由机械磨损向电气磨损转变；由于轨道不同位置沉积层形成原因不同，导致表面粗糙度分布不一致，枢轨间静态接触电阻随接触沉积层形貌特征改变呈现上升、下降及波动3个变化阶段；并且枢轨间静态接触电阻随着接触压力的增大而减小。研究成果对电磁轨道发射装备的研究及发射动力学研究具有理论价值。

Investigation on Wear Mechanism and Electrical Contact Performance of CuCrZr Alloy Rail Surfaces for High-Speed Sliding Electrical Contact

Electromagnetic rail launch has typical ultra-high-speed sliding electrical contact characteristics (launch speed is greater than 2 000 m/s),and the rail surface will be worn.To investigate the correlation between track surface status and contact resistance,electromagnetic rail launch experiments were conducted to investigate the formation and wear mechanism of CuCrZr rail surface deposition layers after launch.The evolution law of static contact resistance between armature and rail was revealed,and the correlation between deposition layer formation and contact resistance was summarized.The results show that along the launch direction,the coverage area of the deposition layers on the rail surface gradually increases,and the formation mechanism of the deposition layers changes from friction material transfer to melting and spattering of the armature surface,and the surface wear characteristics change from mechanical wear to electrical wear.Due to the different reasons for the formation of deposition layers at different regions of the rail,the distribution of surface roughness is inconsistent,and the static contact resistance between armature/rail shows three stages of increase,decrease,and fluctuation as the contact deposition layers morphology changes.The static contact resistance between armature/rail decreases as the contact pressure increases.The research results have theoretical value for the study of electromagnetic rail launch equipment and launch dynamics.