临近空间太阳能飞行器能源系统控制综述

临近空间太阳能飞行器是由太阳能驱动、可在临近空间连续飞行的长航时无人飞行器,近年来其相关研究已成为各国关注的焦点.能源系统是支撑太阳能飞行器长时驻空的关键,实现连续跨昼夜的不间断能量供给是能源系统领域研究的首要目标.围绕临近空间太阳能飞行器集群化能源系统发展过程中的主要问题和研究现状,首先梳理飞行器应用场景下能源系统的控制目标与多重约束,进而系统论述集群化能源系统结构、功能及建模方法;然后,总结集群化能源系统功率分配、储能均衡以及通信受限下能流控制的发展现状,阐述基于强化学习的能量在线调度策略的最新成果,分析现有策略的有效性及不足之处;最后,结合太阳能飞行器的实际需求,探讨能源系统的未来发展趋势与研究方向.

A survey of energy system control for near-space solar-powered aerial vehicles

The near-space solar-powered aerial vehicle is a long-endurance aircraft that uses solar energy as the source and is capable of continuous flight in near space. In recent years, the investigation of solar-powered aerial vehicles has become the focus of attention for many countries. The energy system is key in supporting the long-term operation of solar-powered aircraft, and achieving uninterrupted energy supply across the day and night is the primary objective in the research field of energy systems. Focusing on the main issues and research status in the development of clustered energy systems of near-space vehicles, the control objectives and multiple constraints of the energy system in the application scenario of the aircraft are sorted out first. Then the structure, function and modeling approaches of the clustered energy system are systematically discussed. Second, the state-of-the-art power-sharing, energy storage balance, and energy flow control under communication constraints in the clustered energy systems are summarized. And the achievements of reinforcement learning-based online energy scheduling are statemented. The effectiveness and shortcomings of existing strategies are further analyzed. Finally, the future trend and research direction of energy systems are discussed by considering the practical requirement for solar-powered aircraft.