考虑双层奖惩型碳交易机制的源网荷分布协同低碳经济调度

在“双碳”目标下，设计合理的碳交易机制使源网荷共同参与碳市场，对节能减排具有重要意义。在此背景下，提出了考虑双层奖惩型碳交易机制的源网荷分布协同低碳经济调度策略。首先，建立双层奖惩型碳交易机制下综合能源供应商-园区协同的低碳调度模型，综合能源供应商直接参与外部奖惩型阶梯碳交易市场，园区通过向综合能源供应商支付碳费用或获取碳收益间接参与碳市场，从而激发各主体积极参与节能减排。其次，建立奖惩型阶梯碳价格模型，并提出奖惩型阶梯碳价格机制下综合能源供应商-多园区的碳成本/收益分摊方法，保证了碳成本/收益分摊的有效性与合理性。再次，分别构建综合能源供应商与多园区低碳调度模型，并基于纳什协商刻画园区间的合作博弈，通过各园区间功率互济降低碳排放并提高社会效益。然后，提出了基于自适应调节机制的嵌套交替方向乘子法的双层分布式求解方法。最后，以IEEE 14节点配电网与12线路热管网组成的源网荷综合能源系统为例，验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。

Distributed Collaborative Low-carbon Economic Dispatching of Source, Grid and Load Considering Dual-layer Carbon Trading Mechanism with Reward and Punishment

With the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, it is of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction to design a reasonable carbon trading mechanism so that the source, grid and load can participate in the carbon market together. In this context, a distributed collaborative low-carbon economic dispatching strategy of source, grid and load considering the dual-layer carbon trading mechanism with reward and punishment is proposed. First, a collaborative low-carbon dispatching model of integrated energy suppliers and park under the dual-layer carbon trading mechanism with reward and punishment is established. The integrated energy suppliers directly participate in the external ladder-type carbon trading market with reward and punishment, and the parks indirectly participate in the carbon market by paying carbon fees to integrated energy suppliers or obtaining carbon benefit, thus stimulating all entities to actively participate in energy conservation and emission reduction. Secondly, a ladder-type carbon price model with reward and punishment is established, and a carbon cost/benefit allocation method of integrated energy suppliers and multi-parks under the ladder-type carbon price mechanism with reward and punishment is proposed to ensure the effectiveness and rationality of carbon cost/benefit allocation. Thirdly, the low-carbon dispatching models for the integrated energy suppliers and multi-parks are established, respectively, and the cooperation game between parks is described based on Nash bargaining, so as to reduce carbon emissions and improve social benefits through mutual power exchange among parks. Then, a dual-layer distributed solution for nested alternating direction method of multipliers based on adaptive adjustment mechanism is proposed. Finally, the source-grid-load integrated energy system composed of IEEE 14-bus distribution network and 12-line thermal network is taken as a case to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.