计及动态电价的电动汽车参与微电网调度双层优化策略

电动汽车(Electric vehicle,EV)充电负荷变化量受微电网爬坡性能限制,因此本文考虑微电网机组爬坡特性,提出一种计及动态电价的EV参与微电网调度双层优化策略。上层为EV 负荷模型,分析不同类型EV快/慢充特性 ,考虑微电网电价对EV充电需求的引导,建立以用户满意度最大为目标的EV负荷模型。下层为多微电网运行模型,根据微电网净负荷大小制定动态电价策略,考虑EV充电负荷对微电网新能源的消纳及电源爬坡的需求,优化各微电网区域动态电价,以微电网净负荷波动及运行成本最小为目标,建立多微电网区域运行模型。最后以某城市区域微电网及EV充电需求算例分析进行验证,结果表明：与固定电价及峰谷分时电价相比,所提方法实现了EV负荷在微网区域的有序充电、平抑净负荷波动的效果,能够有效降低充电行为对微电网安全经济运行的影响。

Double layer optimization strategy for electric vehicles participating in microgrid scheduling considering dynamic electricity prices

Aiming at the problem of "peak-to-peak superposition" of EV participation in microgrid dispatching under traditional tariff mode, a two-layer optimization strategy for EV participation in microgrid dispatching with dynamic tariff is proposed. The upper layer is the EV load model, which analyzes the fast/slow charging characteristics of different types of EV, considers the guidance of micro-grid electricity price on EV charging demand, and establishes the EV load model with the maximum user satisfaction as the target. The lower layer is a multi-microgrid operation model. The dynamic electricity price strategy is formulated according to the net load of the micro-grid, and the dynamic electricity price of each micro-grid region is optimized considering the consumption of new energy of the micro-grid by EV charging and the demand for power climbing. The multi-microgrid regional operation model is established with the goal of minimizing the net load fluctuation and operating cost of the micro-grid. Finally, an example analysis of the microgrid and EV charging demand in an urban area is carried out to verify the results. The results show that, compared with the fixed electricity price and peak and valley TOU price, the proposed method can realize the orderly charging of EV load in the microgrid area and smooth the net load fluctuation, and can effectively reduce the influence of charging behavior on the safe and economic operation of the microgrid.