Low-dimensional carbonaceous nanofiller induced polymer crystallization |
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Authors: | Jia-Zhuang Xu Gan-Ji Zhong Benjamin S. Hsiao Qiang Fu Zhong-Ming Li |
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Affiliation: | 1. College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;2. Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA |
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Abstract: | Low-dimensional carbonaceous nanofillers (LDCNs), i.e., fullerene, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, and graphene, have emerged as a new class of functional nanomaterials world-wide due to their exceptional electrical, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties. One of the most promising applications of LDCNs is in polymer nanocomposites; these materials endow the polymer matrix with significant physical reinforcement and/or multi-functional capabilities. The relations between properties, structure and morphology of polymers in the nanocomposites offer an effective pathway to obtain novel and desired properties via structure manipulation, wherein the interfacial crystallization and the crystalline structure with the matrix are critical factors. By now, extensive studies have reported that LDCNs are highly effective nucleating agents that can significantly accelerate their crystallization kinetics and/or induce unique crystalline morphologies in nanocomposites. This review presents a thorough survey of the current literature on the issues relevant to LDCN-induced polymer crystallization. After a brief introduction to each type of LDCN and its derivatives, LDCN-induced crystallization kinetics with or without flow fields, crystalline modification, and interfacial crystalline morphologies are thoroughly reviewed. Then, the origins of LDCN-induced polymer crystallization are discussed in depth based on molecular simulation and experimental studies. Finally, an overview of the challenges in probing LDCN-induced polymer crystallization and the outlook for future developments in polymer/LDCN nanocomposites conclude this paper. Understanding LDCN-induced polymer crystallization offers a helpful guidance to purposefully regulate the structure and morphology, then achieving high-performance polymer/LDCN nanocomposites. |
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Keywords: | 0D, zero-dimensional 1D, one-dimensional 2D, two-dimensional AC, alternating current aCGNTs, aligned catalytically grown nanotubes AFM, atomic force microscope AGNTs, arc-grown nanotubes APTS, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane n, Avrami exponent CNFs, carbon nanofibers CNTs, carbon nanotubes CMG, chemically modified graphene CVD, chemical vapor deposition DMA, dynamical mechanical analysis DPIM, dynamic packing injection molding DSC, differential scanning calorimetry eCGNTs, entangled catalytically grown nanotubes EMI, electromagnetic interference EP, ethylene-propylene copolymer ESD, electrostatic shielding discharge EVA, ethylene&ndash vinyl acetate copolymer FGS, functionalized graphene sheets FIC, flow-induced crystallization FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy GNPs, graphene nanoplatelets GONSs, graphene oxide nanosheets HDPE, high density polyethylene iPP, isotactic polypropylene ISI, Institute for Scientific Information LDCNs, low-dimensional carbonaceous nanofillers LLDPE, linear low density polyethylene MD, molecular dynamic MM, molecular mechanics MWNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes ODA, octadecylamine OPIM, oscillating packing injection molding P3HT, poly(3-Hexylthiophene) PA, polyamide PA12, polyamide12 PA6, polyamide6 PA6,6, poliamid6,6 PAN, polyacrylonitrile PANI, polyaniline PBS, Poly(butylene terephthalate) PBSA, poly(butylene succinate-cobutylene adipate) PBT, poly(butylene terephthalate) PC, polycarbonate PE, polyethylene PEEK, poly(ether ether ketone) PEN, polyethylene-naphthalate PEO, poly(ethylene oxide) PET, polyethylene-terephthalate PLLA, poly(L-lactide) acid PLM, polarized light microscopy POM, polyoxymethylene PPS, polyphenylene-sulfide PS, polystyrene PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol) PVC, polyvinyl-chloride PVCH-PE-PVCH, poly(vinylcyclohexane)-b-poly(ethylene)- b-poly(vinylcyclohexane) PVD, physical vapor deposition PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride) RAF, rigid amorphous fraction RGO, reduced graphene oxide SAED, selected area electron diffraction SAIPE method, SC CO2 antisolvent-induced polymer epitaxy method SC CO2, supercritical carbon dioxide SEM, scanning electron microscopy SC, supercritical SICO, surface-induced conformational ordering SSE, size-dependent soft epitaxy SWNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes t1/2, half crystallization time Tc, crystallization temperature TC, transcrystallinity TEM, transmission electron microscopy Tg, glass transition temperature Tm, melting temperature Tp, peak crystallization temperature TMA, thermo mechanical analysis UHMWPE, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene VDW, van der Waals α-iPP, alpha form of iPP β-iPP, beta form of iPP β-PVDF, beta form of PVDF ΔE, crystallization activation energy |
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