火工药剂静电积累量的测试

为测试常见火工药剂的静电积累量,探讨测试过程中各种因素对静电积累量的影响。选取420~840 μm的石英砂为标准试样,在不同环境温湿度、滑槽材质、滑槽长度及倾斜角度、试样粒度和用量等条件下,对其静电积累量进行了测试。结果表明: 试样量越多,积累的电荷量越大； 静电积累量与环境温度和湿度有着良好的线性关系,温度越高静电积累量越大,湿度越大静电积累量越少； 静电积累量随粒度的增大而减小,可拟合成指数变化关系； 滑槽的材质,长度和倾斜角度对于静电积累量有着明显的影响。在此基础上,对斯蒂芬酸铅、叠氮化铅、苦味酸钾以及高氯酸碳酰肼系列火工药剂的电阻率与静电积累量进行了测试。表明,这几种火工药剂均属于高电阻率的物体； 在所测药剂中,斯蒂芬酸铅的静电积累量最高； 添加了晶型控制剂糊精与聚乙烯醇的叠氮化铅静电积累值明显小于纯叠氮化铅,糊精与聚乙烯醇可以作为良好的抗静电剂使用。 

Electrostatic Accumulation Test of Initiating Explosives

In order to test the electrostatic accumulation of common initiating explosives, the influences of various factors were discussed including temperature, humidity, chute material, length, inclination of flume, quartz mass and size of quartz sand. Results show that the amount of charge increases with the increase of the quartz mass. The electrostatic accumulation is linear relation with the environment temperature and humidity, and exponential relation with the sample size. The smaller the particle size, the more electrostatic accumulation. In addition, the chute material, length and inclination of flume also have a great influence to the electrostatic accumulation. On this basis, the resistivity and electrostatic accumulation of the common initiating explosives such as lead styphnate, lead azide and perchloric acid carbon hydrazide series were tested. Results show that those initiating explosives are high resistivity objects, and the lead styphnate can be accumulated static electrostatic easily. The lead azide with crystal type control agent dextrin and polyvinyl alcohol can be reduced the electrostatic accumulation obviously, and dextrin and polyvinyl alcohol can be used as antistatic agent.