声纳系统中声波扩散损失的补偿

声波在浅海中传播时，声压振幅随传播距离呈一定规律衰减。对衰减后的声信号进行处理时，往往需要利用时变增益放大器对扩散损失进行补偿。本文基于数字电位器和基本运放电路对球面扩散声波进行了增益补偿，对柱面扩散声波以及介于柱面扩散和球面扩散两者之间的补偿模型进行了理论上的探索，最后提出一种对未知传播衰减规律的声波扩散损失的补偿办法，旨在压缩信号的动态范围以满足 A/D 转换的要求。

Compensation for diffusion loss of sound wave in sonar system

Sound pressure amplitude will be attenuated with propagation distance in a certain rule when sound wave is propaga-ted in shallow sea.When processing the attenuated signal,time-variant gain circuit is usually used to compensate its diffusion loss.In this paper,spherical diffusion loss is compensated by digital potentiometer and operational circuit and further investiga-tion is also made on compensation of cylindrical diffusion loss and transition from spherical diffusion loss to cylindrical diffusion loss.Finally,a new compensation model is proposed for unknown propagation loss for the purpose of adjusting the dynamic range of signal to meet the requirement of A/D conversion.