超临界流体在放射性去污中的应用

利用超临界状态下流体的高扩散性、低的粘度、良好的溶解能力和独特的分离性质，有可能实现高效去污、废物量最小化、最小的侵蚀性和破坏性、最低的放射性废物管理费用。本文介绍了核设施退役设备表面放射性污染去污的需求及超临界流体的特性，分析了超临界流体去污应用的对象、去污研究的内容、去污过程研究的特点以及强化去污的手段，原理上说明超临界流体可能是极具开发潜力的放射性去污新技术。

Application of Supercritical Fluid on Radioactive Decontamination

High effective decontamination with minimum remainder, erosion, destruc- tiveness may be realized by taking advantage of the high diffusivity, low viscosity, rea- sonable solubility and special separation property in supercritical phase, during which the recycle and reuse of the materials is promoted and the cost for waste management is reduced to the least. The paper introduces the requirements of decontamination for equipments from nuclear facilities and the characteristics of supercritical fluid. For the decontamination objectives to which the supercritical fluid is applied, the experimental investigation contents, the decontamination process and the strengthening means are analyzed. The decontamination with supercritical fluid may be a conspicuous technology.