Fractographic and microstructural characterization of irradiated 304 stainless steel intergranularly fractured in inert gas

Fractographic and microstructural examinations were performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, and correlated, for the thermally sensitized 304 stainless steel (SS) irradiated to 1.2×10²¹ n/cm² (E>1 MeV) in BWR condition and fractured intergranularly in 290 °C inert gas. Intergranular (IG) cracks were present in the specimen surface region and the fracture surface periphery. The fractography showed IG facets decorated with various patterns of linear features/steps. The microstructures of the surface region revealed linear features/deformation twinning near grain boundaries and microtwins at grain boundaries. The linear features identified on the [1 1 1] habit plane varied depending on deformation levels. The high number density of microtwins evidences a high local stress and strain concentration, which may nucleate and initiate at the impingement of deformation twins and grain boundaries. Therefore we conclude that a mechanism causing the IG cracking mechanically in non-aqueous environment is present in the highly irradiated austenitic SS.