主机和网络设备：分类,产品及其容错问题

本文针对计算机通信网络（计算机网络）中的主机和主要网络设备（包括集线器、路由器和交换机）的大量现有产品，提出了多种分类方法。按不同的分类法对设备进行分类，既有利于深刻理解它们的工作原理，掌握其结构上的特点，又有利于新产品的研制。文章还讨论了提高网络可信性所必须解决的如下容错问题：计算机网络可信性评估与分配、网络节点计算机的容错结构、容错计算机在网络中的应用实例分析、网络软件的实时容错结构以及网络通信协议及其容错机制。

Host Computers and Network Equipment:Types,Products and Their Fault-Tolerant Problems

This papdr presents some kinds of classifying methods for host com puters and main network equipment (including concentrators, routers, and switches) of computer networks. These methods are meaningful not only to comprehend the principles and the characteristics of system structure of host computers and network equipment, but also to research and develop new network products. Finally, five main problems of the fault-tolerant design of host computers and network equipment are discussed. These problems are the evaluation and assignment of dependability of computer networks, the fault-tolerant structures of node computers, the case study of fault-tolerant computers used for computer networks, the real -time fault-toler ant architecture of network software, and the fault -tolerant mechanisms of proto cols.