乌东德水电站猪拱地沟泥石流特性与防治对策

乌东德水电站坝址区受多条泥石流沟的威胁，为避免泥石流灾害带来巨大损失，制定有效的防治对策对工程建设具有重要意义。基于野外调查和室内模型试验，对猪拱地沟泥石流静动力特性进行了分析，结合特殊的地形、地质条件以及工程布置，制定了防治对策。此外，还对猪拱地沟的泥石流防治效果进行了跟踪评价。结果表明:拦挡坝能够有效阻止大颗粒固体物质参与泥石流活动，可减轻上游沟道的冲刷程度;停淤场使部分小颗粒固体物质停留，最终只有少量的固体物质和洪水通过排导槽下泄;“V”形排导槽具有立体束流特点，排导效果显著;排导槽出口位于坚硬的基岩，抗冲刷能力较强，有利于排导槽的稳定。“拦挡、停淤、排导”防治体系效果良好，对今后泥石流防治对策具有借鉴意义。

Characteristics and Countermeasures of Debris Flow in Zhugongdi Gully of Wudongde Hydropower Station

The dam site of Wudongde Hydropower Station is threatened by a number of debris flow gullies.In this article,some prevention and control measures are presented to avoid huge losses caused by debris flow disasters. The static and dynamic characteristics of debris flows in Zhugongdi Gully were analyzed by means of field investiga-tion and laboratory model test.In view of the particularity of terrain,geological conditions and project layout,the countermeasures of debris flow were proposed.In addition,the effect of the countermeasures in Zhugongdi Gully was tracked and evaluated.Results show that block dam could effectively prevent large particles of solid matter from being involved in debris flow activity and reduce the erosion degree of upstream gully.Silting field could detain some small particles of solid matter,and as a consequence only a small amount of solid substances and the flood are discharged through the drainage canal.Triangular drainage canal has the characteristics of three dimensional beam current,so the draining effect is significant.The outlet of drainage canal is located in hard bedrock with strong anti-scouring ability,conducive to the stability of drainage canal.The control system composed of block dam,silting field and drainage canal has good control effect.This research can be used as a reference for debris flow treatment in the future.