大型水利枢纽泄洪雾化原型观测研究

大型水利枢纽,尤其采用挑流消能工的高坝工程,在泄洪时产生的雾化降雨强度远超自然降雨,由此对枢纽正常运行、泄洪区交通安全、周围环境等均构成危害。对金沙江下游溪洛渡水电站大坝深孔泄洪时雾化影响范围、降雨强度分布、气象特性等进行了重点观测研究。结果表明:溪洛渡水电站深孔泄洪雾化降雨强度分布呈现局部降雨强度大、降雨强度沿纵向及岸坡方向递减速度快的特点;观测工况下最大降雨强度达4 704 mm/h;观测时段自然风速未超过3.5 m/s条件下,泄洪区最大风速达16.3 m/s;自然气压为0 kPa、空气湿度为85%左右时,最大气压约为96 kPa,空气湿度为100%。观测成果一方面可对溪洛渡水电站岸坡防护设计进行验证,并为以后类似工程的岸坡防护设计提供参考,另一方面可为其他研究手段的完善提供丰富详实数据,具有重要价值。

Prototype Observation on Flood Discharge Atomization of Large Hydraulic Project

The atomization rainfall induced by flood discharge of large hydraulic projects,especially those with skijump energy dissipater,is far more intense than natural rainfall,harmful for the project's normal operation,traffic safety,and surrounding environment.In this article,prototype observation is carried out to research the atomization influence scope,rainfall intensity distribution,and meteorological characteristics during the deep-hole discharge of Xiluodu hydraulic project in the downstream of Jinsha River.Results suggest that distributing in some local positions,the atomization rainfall intensity at Xiluodu hydropower project decreases rapidly along longitudinal and bank slope directions.In observation condition,the maximum intensity reaches 4 704 nun/h;when natural wind speed is smaller than 3.5 m/s,the maximum wind speed in flood discharge area is up to 16.3 m/s;and when natural air pressure and humidity are 0 kPa and 85％ respectively,the maximum air pressure and humidity in flood discharge area reaches 96 kPa and 100％,respectively.The observation results could be used to verify the design of bank slope protection for Xiluodu hydropower project,and also provides rich and detailed data for other research approaches.