当量电价体系及相关制度设计:（二）发电上网的实用当量电价法及其市场特性

介绍了实用当量电价法的基本原理和有关操作事项，包括其右端点原理。它不仅很好地解决了电力市场的两难问题，而且具有10个优良市场特性：既保征了市场效率，又给予充分合理的投资回报，满足了第1市场原则；提供了正确的短期经济学信号；提供了正确的长期经济学信号；无须设置价格上限，自动抑制价格尖峰；通过设置容量成本参考系，实现有效合理的政府监管；自动抑制发电厂商的不良报价行为，实现价格策略的稳健性；自动抑制发电厂商的持留容量行为，实现产量策略的稳健性；电价成分可分，便于对“新厂”和“老厂”实行不同的财税及金融调控，实现第2市场原则；易于理解，易于实现，易于监管；引入新要素后的可扩展性，目前，巳扩展了从发电、输电到辅助服务等近10个核心模型及算法，几乎是一个区域电力交易市场所必需，初步形成了当量电价理论体系。此项成果的启示和意义在于：在电力市场结构还很不完美的寡头竞争条件下，比之高成本的资产拆分和系统扩容，一个低成本的当量电价体系辅以合理的政府监管，同样可以实现相当完美的市场特性，在政府与市场、交易与投资、效率与公平、资产与经营等方面都有很好的协调一致性。

ELECTRICITY VALUE EQUIVALENT (EVE) PRICING SYSTEM AND RELEVANT SYSTEMS DESIGN Part Two A Practical Electricity Value Equivalent (p-EVE) Pricing Method for Pool Purchase and Its Market Characters

Practical electricity value equivalent (p-EVE) pricing method for pool purchase is introduced. Then a right terminal principle of p-EVE is represented. Furthermore ten market characters of p-EVE pricing method for pool purchase are described. They are: Not only possess market efficiency, but also return investment adequately and reasonably; Provide correct short-term economics signal; Provide correct long-term economics signal; No need to set price cap, and the price peak can be restrained automatically; Easy to realize government regulation using a capacity cost reference framework; Restrain the price stratagem of suppliers, robustness in bidding; Restrain the product stratagem of suppliers, robustness in capacity withholding; The price components can be separated for finance operation;Easy to understand and operate; Ten EVE pricing methods for different transactions in electricity market have been expanded and an EVE pricing systems has been developed. The contribution of this research is that a 'nearly perfect' electricity market could be constructed by an EVE pricing systems with lower cost under the reasonable government regulation even if for an unperfected oligopoly competition and/or capacity inadequate electricity market. This key project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59937150).