地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用

在直接进行 Hilbert变换提取瞬时特征信号的传统方法中 ,Hilbert变换对高频随机噪声十分敏感 ,即使地震信号中存在微弱的高频噪声 ,所提取的地震信号瞬时特征仍被噪声淹没。本文提出了在小波域提取地震信号瞬时特征的方法 ,它利用小波变换的实部 (相当于实信号——地震信号 )、虚部 (实信号的 Hilbert变换 )的特点直接提取地震信号瞬时特征。该方法具有分频、去噪的功能 ,并且提取的地震信号瞬时特征中保留了频率低于高频随机噪声带的弱波 ,这种弱波可在瞬时特征剖面 (如瞬时频率、瞬时相位、瞬时振幅 )中显示出来。

One method for frequency-division obtainment of instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals in wavelet domain, and its application.

In the method for producing some instantaneous characteristic signals by using Hilbert transform, Hilbert transform is very sensitive to high frequency random noise. As a result, even though there exist weak high frequency noises in seismic signals, the obtained instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals may be still submerged by the noises. One method for having instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals in wavelet domain is put forward, which obtains directly the instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals by taking the characteristics of both the real part (real signals, namely seismic signals) and the imaginary part (the Hilbert transform of real signals) of wavelet transform. The method has the functions of frequency division and noise removal. What is more, the weak wave whose frequency is lower than that of high frequency random noise is retained in the obtained instantaneous characteristics of seismic signals, and the weak wave may be seen in instantaneous characteristic section(such as instantaneous frequency,instantaneous phase and in stantaneous amplitude).