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High temperature behaviour of ambient cured alkali-activated materials based on ladle slag
Affiliation:1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;2. Centre for Materials Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;1. MEF University, Huzur Mah., Maslak Ayazağa Cad., No. 4, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34396, Turkey;2. School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;1. TECNALIA. C/Geldo, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, 48160 Derio, Spain;2. UPV/EHU, Dept. of Engineering Materials, Alameda Urquijo, s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;3. University of Burgos, EPS, Dept. of Construction, C/Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;1. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile;2. Universidad de León, Avda. de Portugal, 41, 24071 León, Spain;3. Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain;4. Universidad del País Vasco, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;1. Department of Architectural Engineering, Kongju National University, South Korea;2. Department of Architectural Engineering, and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea;1. Fibre and Particle Engineering Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014 Oulu, Finland;2. Department A.B.C., Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BU London, United Kingdom
Abstract:This paper investigates the thermal properties of alkali activated materials (AAMs) made from ladle slag, a by-product from electric arc furnaces. AAMs have the potential to exhibit improved durability in high temperature environments over conventional materials such as ordinary Portland cement due to a reduced concentration of hydrated phases in their structure. A series of samples with varying compositional ratios was synthesised from a combination of ladle slag and metakaolin or ladle slag and fly ash. Ambient cured AAMs of moderate compressive strengths (between 11 and 46 MPa) were achieved. Samples were exposed to temperatures up to 1000 °C and analysed for residual strength, thermal expansion, phase and microstructural changes. The ladle slag and fly ash based AAMs exhibited superior strength gains and better thermal stability than the ladle slag and metakaolin based AAMs believed to be due to unstable C–A–S–H phases formed in the latter group of samples.
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