An improved Hummers method for eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Graphenano S.L., Calle Pablo Casals 13, 30510 Yecla, Murcia, Spain;2. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Department of Chemical Engineering, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;1. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;2. Nanomaterials Leszek Stobinski, Wyszogrodzka 14/81, 03-337 Warsaw, Poland;3. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;4. Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, 162-53 Prague 6, Czech Republic;1. Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland;2. Institute of Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland;3. Department of Polymer and Carbonaceous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław 50-344, Poland;1. Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi UKM, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi UKM, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | An improved Hummers method without using NaNO3 can produce graphene oxide nearly the same to that prepared by conventional Hummers method. This modification does not decrease the yield of product, eliminating the evolution of NO2/N2O4 toxic gasses and simplifying the disposal of waste water because of the inexistence of Na+ and NO3− ions. For the first time, we also developed a prototype method of post-treating the waste water collected from the systems of synthesizing and purifying graphene oxide. The content of Mn2+ ions in the purified waste water was measured to be lower than the guideline value for drinking water. |
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