Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the chemical composition of refined softwood and hardwood lignins |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 225 Sackett Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States;3. Gahagan and Bryant Associates, Inc., 9008-O Yellow Brick Road, Baltimore, MD 21237, United States;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;2. Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China;2. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;1. National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;2. Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd. of China Power Engineering Constitute Group, Xi’an 710075, China;1. College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China;1. LRGP, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France;2. ICS, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal BP 296 R8, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France;3. IS2M, CNRS, Université de Haute Alsace, 15, rue Jean Starcky BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France;4. LERMAB, Université de Lorraine, BP239, 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France;1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;4. Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China;5. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China |
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| Abstract: | The current study uses nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the evolution of refined softwood and hardwood lignins under various pyrolytic exposures. Little chemical change occurred at pyrolysis temperatures of 250 and 300 °C, whereas significant mass loss and chemical change was observed at 400 and 500 °C. These losses were mainly attributed to evolution of methoxyl, hydroxyl, and propyl groups. Mass loss plateaued following pyrolysis at 500 °C, but rearrangements continued to occur at higher temperatures, resulting in char that became increasingly polyaromatic in nature. Following brief pyrolytic exposures at 500 and 600 °C, the refined hardwood and softwood lignins yielded coal-like products. Lignin pyrolyzed at higher temperatures yielded chars with greater order, similar in composition to coke. These coal and coke-like products are called “lignin-based carbon” (LBC). The polyaromatic nature of the LBC after high temperature pyrolysis was perceived as the result of radical formation and recombination, leading to fused aromatic structures, which occurs more readily at higher temperatures. |
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