In situ transmission electron microscope tensile testing reveals structure–property relationships in carbon nanofibers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA;2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, W315 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;3. Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, 2220 Campus Drive #2036, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;3. Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;4. Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;1. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA;2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL – 60208, USA;2. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL – 60208, USA;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA – 16802, USA;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3409 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3409, USA;2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3409 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3409, USA;1. School of Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People?s Republic of China;2. Chemistry College of Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330027, People?s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Tensile tests were performed on carbon nanofibers in situ a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) tensile testing device. The carbon nanofibers tested in this study were produced via the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) into fibers, which are subsequently stabilized in an oxygen environment at 270 °C and carbonized in nitrogen at 800 °C. To investigate the relationship between the fiber molecular structure, diameter, and mechanical properties, nanofibers with diameters ranging from ～100 to 300 nm were mounted onto a MEMS device using nanomanipulation inside the chamber of a Scanning Electron Microscope, and subsequently tested in tension in situ a TEM. The results show the dependence of strength and modulus on diameter, with a maximum modulus of 262 GPa and strength of 7.3 GPa measured for a 108 nm diameter fiber. In particular, through TEM evaluation of the structure of each individual nanofiber immediately prior to testing, we elucidate a dependence of mechanical properties on the molecular orientation of the graphitic structure: the strength and stiffness of the fibers increases with a higher degree of orientation of the 0 0 2 graphitic planes along the fiber axis, which coincides with decreasing fiber diameter. |
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