Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France;2. CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France;3. CINAM, CNRS and Aix Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France;1. College of Engineering, Peking University, Summer Palace Road 5, Beijing 100871, PR China;2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, PR China;3. National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, P.O. Box 001 Shenhua NICE, Future Science & Technology Park, Changping District, Beijing 102209, PR China;1. Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6203, USA;2. State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;3. University of Maryland – IREAP, College Park, MD 20742, USA;4. WPI-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan;1. Laboratoire MSSMat, CNRS UMR8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France;2. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States;3. Laboratoire EM2C, CNRS UPR288, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France;1. Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590 Qingdao, China;3. School of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China;4. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;5. A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;6. Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590, Qingdao, People''s Republic of China;2. Laboratoire d''Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, BP 72, 92322, Châtillon Cedex, France;3. Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France;4. Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Due to its higher degree of control and its scalability, catalytic chemical vapour deposition is now the prevailing synthesis method of carbon nanotubes. Catalytic chemical vapour deposition implies the catalytic conversion of a gaseous precursor into a solid material at the surface of reactive particles or of a continuous catalyst film acting as a template for the growing material. Significant progress has been made in the field of nanotube synthesis by this method although nanotube samples still generally suffer from a lack of structural control. This illustrates the fact that numerous aspects of the growth mechanism remain ill-understood. The first part of this review is dedicated to a summary of the general background useful for beginners in the field. This background relates to the carbon precursors, the catalyst nanoparticles, their interaction with carbonaceous compounds and their environment. The second part provides an updated review of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the features of nanotube samples: diameters, chirality, metal/semiconductor ratio, length, defect density and catalyst yield. The third part is devoted to important and still open questions, such as the mechanism of nanotube nucleation and the chiral selectivity, and to the hypotheses currently proposed to answer them. |
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