影响钻井成本的主要因素与控制措施

近年来，钻井成本呈上升趋势，使石油天然气勘探开发投资效益受到很大影响。为了有效抑制钻井成本过快增长，减少经营风险，进一步加强钻井投资管理，保证油气勘探开发投资效益，通过对2000年以来中国石油天然气集团公司钻井成本变化情况进行统计，采用比较分析方法和因素分析方法分析了影响钻井成本的主要因素。结果发现：人工及材料价格上涨和钻井工艺变化是造成钻井成本上升的主要因素。进而提出应从优化设计、技术经济一体化、制订科学的计价标准、加强市场开放力度等方面进一步加强管理，控制钻井成本过快增长，抵御低油价下的经营风险，提高投资效益。

The main influencing factors on the drilling cost and the corresponding controlling measures

Recently, the rising drilling cost has a bad impact on the investment returns of oil and gas exploration and development. Under the situation of the fluctuating price of the world crude oil and challenges greater year by year for domestic oil and gas exploration and development, it is essential to study the affecting factors and controlling measures of the drilling cost for the benefit of investors and the sustainable development of oil and gas enterprises. Therefore, based on the statistical data of the CNPC's annual drilling cost from 2000 to 2007, this study analyzes the drilling cost by comparative analysis, factor analysis and other analysis methods and concludes that the increasing price on the manual and materials and alternations on the drilling technology are the main factors leading to the rising drilling cost. In order to curb the excessive increase of drilling cost and mitigate the risk of investment, we suggest that some effective controlling measures should be taken as follows: ①the optimization design should be highly valued by comparative analysis between early proof demonstration and post evaluation; ②technology management and economy integration should be accomplished by the whole process of cost management; ③criteria and norms on drilling cost evaluation should be regulated for a more open drilling market; ④the number of horizontal or underbalanced wells with particular technologies should be reasonably limited within the range of the optimized blocks. This study will provide references for drilling cost managers and decision makers.