一种感载式自动调速液压缓降器原理与特性分析

为了解决目前逃生缓降器下降速度变化范围大的问题，在固定节流口液压阻式逃生缓降器的基础上，提出了一种感载式自动调速液压缓降器。对感载式自动调速液压缓降器的工作原理进行了阐述，建立了感载式自动调速液压缓降器的结构及动力参数关系表达式。对影响感载式自动调速液压缓降器下降速度的关键要素进行了分析，推导出下降速度、节流口直径以及人体重力等工作变量关系式，并通过实例对感载式自动调速液压缓降器的工作特性进行了分析。本文研究的感载式自动调速液压缓降器可以实现人体重力自动调节下降速度，使下降速度在较窄的范围内变化，提高了缓降器工作速度的稳定性，因此可以实现在国家标准规定的安全下降速度0.16~1.5 m/s 范围内，在接近1.5 m/s 速度的快速区域内工作，提高人员的逃生速度和缓降器的工作效率。本研究为高端液压缓降器的开发奠定理论基础。

Design and characteristic analysis of a load-sensing and automatic speed-regulating hydraulic decelerator

In order to solve the problem of the large range of falling speed of escape decelerator, on the basis of the fixed orifice hydraulic resistance escape control device, a load- sensing automatic speed- regulating hydraulic decelerator is proposed. In this paper, the working principle of the load-sensing automatic speed-regulating hydraulic decelerator is described, the structure and dynamic parameters of load-sensing hydraulic decelerator are established. The key factors that affect the descent of the load- sensing automatic speed- regulating hydraulic decelerator are analyzed, the relationship between the descent speed, the diameter of the throttle and the weight of the human body are deduced, the operating characteristics of the load-sensing automatic speed- regulating hydraulic decelerator were analyzed by an example. The load-sensing hydraulic decelerator is able to control speed automatically by sensing body weight, the decreasing speed within a narrow range of change, and improve the stability of escape speed, therefore, the load-sensing automatic speedregulating hydraulic decelerator can work in close to 1.5 m/s, which is implemented in the security of national standard drop speed within the range of 0.16~1.5 m/s, and enhancing the working efficiency of the escape velocity and decelerator. This research lays a theoretical foundation for the development of highend hydraulic decelerator.