吉林市城区地下水污染时空演化

为研究生物净化低温（5~6℃）高铁锰地下水，采用水厂实地滤柱进行试验.结果表明：通过接种成熟滤料、采用变反冲洗强度和反冲洗上清液回流的方式实现了低温生物除铁锰工艺的快速启动，滤柱达到设计滤速6 m/h，启动时间仅为2个月.滤柱稳定运行的理想运行参数为：滤速4~7 m/h、反冲洗周期24~36 h、反冲洗强度10~12 L/（s·m²）、反冲洗时间4~5 min.沿程分析发现，铁主要在滤层的0~400 mm处去除，锰主要在400~900 mm去除，除锰带出现先下移再上移的现象，5.0~6.0 m/h滤速的最佳滤层厚度为1 200~1 300 mm.

Spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater pollution in the urban areas of Jilin City

A pilot-scale biological filter was constructed to purify high concentration of iron and manganese simultaneously from low-temperature (5-6℃) groundwater in a water supply plant. Results show that the corresponding functional oxidizing bacteria can be acclimated sufficiently in low-temperature and the biological filter can realize quick start-up by means of adjusting process parameters(the backwash strength)appropriately and inoculating matured materials, the backwash supernatant returned to the filter, the start-up time is two months only, while the filtration rate is 6 m/h.The ideal operating parameters for stable operation of the filter column are:the filtration rates (4-7 m/h), the backwashing period (24, 36, and 48 h), the backwashing intensity (8, 10, and 12 L/(s·m²)), and the backwashing time is 4-5 minutes. Further analysis, the variation of iron, manganese removal along the filter show that the iron is removed mainly in the depth of 0-400 mm and the manganese is removed mainly in the depth of 0-900 mm, The manganese removal zone moves down first and then moves up. Under this contition, the thickness of the filter layer is optimized, and the optimum filter layer thickness is 1 200-1 300 mm when the filtration rates is 5-6 m/h.