全球深层油气分布特征及聚集规律

通过对世界深层主要含油气盆地的分布及典型油气田的统计和解剖表明，前陆盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地、裂谷盆地和山间盆地为主要的深层含油气盆地类型；烃源岩主要为古生代和中生代泥岩，低地温梯度和异常压力有利于深部油气的生成和保存；有利的沉积相带、低地温梯度、表生风化淋滤作用、成岩作用中胶结物溶解和白云岩化作用、异常高压、早期油气充注、裂缝发育等都是形成和保存深部良好储集性能的有利因素，多由古生代和中生代的碳酸盐岩或碎屑岩组成。前陆盆地或被动陆缘盆地的背景、良好储盖配置尤其是膏岩层的发育、异常压力的存在是深层油气成藏主控因素，深层勘探应围绕具备这些条件的盆地展开。 

Distribution and Accumulation of Global Deep Oil and Gas

By statistic of distribution of basins and typical deep oil and gas fields in the world,the deep gas and oil are distributed mainly in the foreland basins,passive continent margins,and rift basins and intermountain.Source rocks mainly consist of Paleozoic and Mesozoic shale or mudstone.Low geothermal gradient and abnormal high pressure are favorable for the deep oil and gas formation.Lithology of deep oil and gas reservoirs are mainly clastic rocks and carbonate rocks in Paleozoic and Mesozoic.The formation and preservation of high quality reservoir is constrained by favorable facies zones,low geothermal gradients,diagenetic process(i.e.including cement dissolution and dolomitization process),abnormal high pressure,early entrapment of hydrocarbons and fracture development,etc.The deep oil and gas accumulation is controlled by geological background of foreland basins or passive continental margin basins,good assemblage of reservoir and cap,and abnormally high pressure.These factors are important to the deep oil and gas exploration.