磷酸活化法制备花生壳活性炭工艺

采用正交试验方法探讨了以花生壳为原料,通过磷酸活化法制备的高效活性炭吸附剂。以活性炭的收率和Pb2+吸附容量为考察指标,选择了磷酸质量浓度、浸渍质量比和活化温度3个因素,3个水平的正交试验方法。结果表明,对活性炭收率影响最大的因素是活化温度,对活性炭吸附Pb2+容量影响最大的是磷酸活化剂的质量浓度。综合考察各影响因素,得出在磷酸活化剂质量浓度为1 220 kg/m3,浸渍质量比为150%和活化温度为400℃时可以在保持活性炭收率较高的情况下制备高Pb2+吸附容量的花生壳活性炭吸附剂,该活性炭的比表面为1 018.5 m2/g,总孔容积为0.754 m3/g,平均孔径为2.961 nm,对低质量浓度含铅废水中铅离子的去除率接近100%,是合适的液相吸附用活性炭材料。

Preparation of peanut shell active carbon by phosphoric acid activation

The high-efficient activated carbon was prepared from peanut shell by phosphoric acid activation according to orthogonal test method.The influence of phosphoric acid mass concentration(A),impregnation mass ratio(B) and activation temperature(C) on the yield and Pb2+removal capacity of peanut shell activated carbon was analyzed.The results show that the key factor affecting the yield of active carbon is activation temperature,and the phosphoric acid mass concentration is the most important factor for Pb2+adsorption capacity of peanut shell activated carbon.The peanut shell active carbon with the specific surface area of 1 018.5 m2/g,the total pore volume of 0.754 m3/g,the average pore size of 2.961 nm can be produced under the optimum conditions of phosphoric acid mass concentration 1 220 kg/m3,impregnation 150% and activation temperature 400 ℃.The removal of Pb2+ is close to 100% when the waste water is with low Pb2+ mass concentration.It is a kind of fitting active carbon material for liquid absorption.