微波辐射技术在食品微生物中的应用

微波辐射作为一种新型的物理处理手段,因其具有清洁、高效、无污染、节能省时、操作简便等优点,广泛应用于食品热加工、食品杀菌及微生物育种等研究领域。理论和实践表明微波辐射对食品微生物具有良好的适用性,利用微波辐射的热效应进行有害微生物与物质提取,利用微波辐射的非热效应进行微生物育种与发酵均可以达到优良的处理效果。微波辐射效应中的热效应与非热效应可以改变微生物的生理性状及代谢能力,达到一定强度还可灭活微生物,在微波辐射作用下物质提取较常规方法也更加高效。故本文针对微波辐射在食品微生物诱变育种、控制有害微生物、强化发酵及药食同源微生物功能性物质提取分离方面的应用研究与作用机理进行了相关综述,以期推进微波辐射在食品微生物领域的相关应用研究。

Application of microwave radiation technology in food microorganism

As a new physical treatment method, microwave radiation has been widely used in the research fields of food thermal processing, food sterilization and microbial breeding due to its advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, no pollution, energy and time saving, and simple operation. Theory and practice showed that microwave radiation had good applicability to food microorganisms. The extraction of harmful microorganisms and substances using the thermal effect of microwave radiation and the microbial breeding and fermentation using the non-thermal effect of microwave radiation could achieve excellent treatment effects. The thermal effect and non-thermal effect in the microwave radiation effect can change the physiological traits and metabolic ability of microorganisms, and inactivate microorganisms when reaching a certain intensity. The material extraction under the microwave radiation is more efficient than the conventional method. Therefore, the application research and action mechanism of microwave radiation in food microorganism mutation breeding, harmful microorganism control, enhanced fermentation, and the extraction and separation of functional substances from edible and medicinal homologous microorganisms were summarized in this paper, in order to promote the related application research of microwave radiation in the field of food microorganism.