滑动式文物隔震支座性能试验及设计方法

我国是历史文化大国、文物众多,但每一次地震来袭都会对馆藏文物造成巨大的威胁。针对馆藏文物防震安全的迫切需求,为避免地震对博物馆文物造成不可估量的损害,研制了一种滑动式文物隔震支座。利用振动台进行多条地震波激励下的滑动式文物隔震支座隔震性能试验来检验其隔震效果；然后建立滑动式文物隔震支座-展柜体系的有限元模型并与试验结果对比来验证模型的有效性；进而探究支座滑轨摩擦系数和支座上覆展柜质量对其隔震性能的影响；最后提出一种滑动式文物隔震支座的设计方法,并以一实际展柜为例对所提出设计方法的有效性进行验证。研究结果表明：本滑动式文物隔震支座具有良好的隔震性能,其隔震率随着输入的地震波峰值加速度的增加而增加；在相同峰值加速度条件下,其隔震率随着地震波卓越频率的增加而增加。改变滑动式文物隔震支座的滑轨摩擦系数或上覆展柜质量并不会影响滑动式文物隔震支座最佳周期的设计,但较低的滑轨摩擦系数更有利于实现隔震系统的隔震性能；上覆展柜质量的变化对展台面加速度及滑动式文物隔震支座位移响应的影响较小。滑动式文物隔震支座能有效减小文物的地震响应,保护博物馆内展陈文物的安全,所提出的设计方法可为实际馆藏文物防震需求提供指导。

Performance Test and Design Method of Sliding Isolation Bearing for Museum Collections

China is a historical and cultural country with many cultural relics, but every earthquake will pose a great threat to the cultural relics in the museum. In order to avoid the immeasurable damage caused by earthquakes, a sliding seismic isolation bearing for cultural relics was developed to meet the urgent need of seismic safety for cultural relics in the museum. The isolation performance test of the sliding seismic isolation bearing excited by multiple seismic waves was carried out on a shaking table to verify its isolation effect. Then the finite element model of sliding seismic isolation showcase system was established and compared with the experimental results to verify the validity of the model. Furthermore, the influence of friction coefficient of the bearing slide rail and the quality of showcase on its seismic isolation performance was investigated. Finally, a design method of sliding seismic isolation bearings for cultural relics was proposed, and the effectiveness of the proposed design method was verified by taking a practical showcase as an example. The results showed that the sliding seismic isolation bearing had good isolation performance, and its isolation rate increaseed with the increase of the peak acceleration of the input seismic wave. Under the same peak acceleration condition, the isolation rate increaseed with the increase of seismic preeminent frequency. Changing the sliding rail friction coefficient or the quality of the overlying showcase did not affect the optimal period design of the sliding rail isolation bearing, but the lower sliding rail friction coefficient was more conducive to the realization of the isolation performance of the system. The change of the mass of the overlying showcase had little influence on the acceleration of the booth surface and the displacement response of the sliding seismic isolation bearings. The sliding seismic isolation bearings can effectively reduce the seismic response of cultural relics and protect the safety of the cultural relics exhibited in the museum. The design method proposed in this paper can provide guidance for the actual requirements of seismic protection of cultural relics in the museum.