核酸适配体生物传感器用于内分泌干扰物快速检测研究进展

内分泌干扰物是一种外源性化学物质, 食物是人体摄入这些化学物的主要来源，当人体摄入受到环境或食物接触材料污染的食物，其中的内分泌干扰化学物很容易进入人体并蓄积，能在不同程度上干扰内源性激素系统, 导致不良健康影响 。因此对其进行便捷、高效、灵敏、快速检测尤为必要。目前常通过气相色谱法及其他仪器方法对其进行检测, 然而这些方法耗时费力且成本高昂, 难以满足现场快速检测的要求。适配体是通过体外指数富集的的配基系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX) 策略系统筛选出的单链寡核苷酸分子, 具有易合成、易修饰、性质稳定、特异性好和亲和常数高等优势, 已广泛应用于生物传感检测方法的构建。基于适配体识别的电化学或光学的内分泌干扰物快速检测方法具有使用简便、响应快速、便于现场筛查使用的优势, 可以与实验室精准检测技术优势互补, 具有重要的研究和应用意义。本文综述了近年来基于适配体识别构建的电化学、光学传感器在对水样、食品、塑料制品、生物样本中 内分泌干扰物快速检测的研究进展, 总结了该领域面临的挑战和发展方向 , 为适配体传感检测技术在内分泌干扰物识别深入研究提供参考。

Advanced in the rapid detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals by the aptamer-based biosensor

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals, and foods are the main source of these chemicals ingested by the human body. When the human body ingests food contaminated by the environment or food contact materials, EDCs can easily enter the human body and accumulate, which can interfere with endogenous hormone systems to varying degrees, leading to adverse health effects. The commonly used instrumental analysis method is time-consuming and costly, which is difficult to meet the requirements of rapid on-site detection. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotide molecules screened by in vitro systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) strategy system, which have advantages of easy synthesis, easy modification, stable properties, good specificity, and high affinity constant, which are widely used in the construction of biosensor detection methods. Electrochemical or optical rapid detection methods for EDCs based on aptamer recognition have the advantages of simple use, quick response and convenient field screening, which can complement the advantages of precise detection technology in laboratory. This paper reviewed the research progress of electrochemical and optical sensors based on aptamer recognition for rapid detection of EDCs in food in recent years, and summarized the challenges and development direction in this field, which provides a reference for further study of aptamer sensor detection technology in the identification of EDCs.