放电等离子烧结-热变形各向异性Nd-Fe-B磁体的微观组织及磁性能

采用放电等离子烧结及后续热变形技术制备各向异性Nd-Fe-B磁体,研究烧结温度对放电等离子烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体微观组织和磁性能的影响。随着烧结温度在650~900°C范围内的升高,烧结态Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁、内禀矫顽力及最大磁能积呈现先升后降的趋势。在800°C下烧结所获得磁体的磁性能最佳。随后,对800°C烧结后具有最佳磁性能的磁体采用放电等离子烧结技术进行后续热变形处理。与初始吸氢-歧化-脱氢-再复合粉末和烧结态磁体相比,热变形磁体拥有更显著的各向异性和更好的磁性能。当热变形温度为800°C且压缩比为50%时,热变形磁体中的Nd2Fe14B晶粒呈扁平片状且不发生异常长大;磁体沿热压方向具有最佳的磁性能：Br、Hcj和（BH）max分别为1.16 T、449 k A/m和178 k J/m3。

Microstructure and magnetic properties of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering and hot deformation

Bulk anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets were prepared from hydrogen-disproportionation-desorption-recombination（HDDR） powders via spark plasma sintering（SPS） and subsequent hot deformation. The influence of sintering temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of the spark plasma sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were studied. The remanence Br, intrinsic coercivity Hcj, and the maximum energy product（BH）max, of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets first increase and then decrease with the increase of sintering temperature, TSPS, from 650 °C to 900 °C. The optimal magnetic properties can be obtained when TSPS is 800 °C. The Nd-Fe-B magnet sinter treated at 800 °C was subjected to further hot deformation. Compared with the starting HDDR powders or the SPS treated magnets, the hot-deformed magnets present more obvious anisotropy and possess much better magnetic properties due to the good c-axis texture formed in the deformation process. The anisotropic magnet deformed at 800 °C with 50% compression ratio has a microstructure consisting of well aligned and platelet-shaped Nd2Fe14 B grains without abnormal grain growth and exhibits excellent magnetic properties parallel to the pressing axis.